Why do you invest … hopefully to make money.

Why money … well it can help you achieve goals in life and provide you with a sense of security and freedom.

What makes some investors better than others? Sometimes it just to have a better plan.

Here is my list of “Commandments” to help you achieve your goals.

1. Understand your motivation, it will change with age! Freedom, Security …. Fear? 

2. Have a 4-bucket strategy, Taxable, IRA/410K, Roth, bank account. Put everything in the right bucket. Beware of sitting on too much cash.

3. Justify every investment is it a trade, investment or cash generator?

4. Let the winner run, until they aren’t winners! Taking money off the table …. why?

5. If you don’t understand it, don’t buy it! People put Muni bonds in an IRA, or buy annuities …..

6. “They” say you need to rebalance? Sell the winners … in a taxable account, why?

7. Stay out of China, EM and foreign stocks, S&P is already diversified, 40% revenue outside US. Same with Penny stocks, gold, crypto, “value” and “small cap”

8. When in doubt just buy 50/50 S&P 500, NASDAQ 100

9. Don’t fund your company 401K beyond the company match

10. Bond funds lose out to actual bonds. Beware of bonds in a taxable acct, tax issues

11. Understand the Rule of 72 and the difference in price vs cash return

12. Be tax smart, all the time. Give or gift kids/church/charity money, make it your most highly appreciated stock, NOT cash! Charitable/church count towards your RMD!

13. Beware of “standards” like 60/40 , 70/30 etc. Bonds can be “bond surrogates” too.

14. IRA & 401K’s are great, UNTIL you need them, huge tax issue!

15. Best places for your next dollar of investment, in this order- Roth, taxable, 401K/IRA

16. In our lifetime, large cap tech stocks, selective chip stocks are a must own. Don’t fight momentum

17. If you have substantial assets you need a Trust to front-end your will.

18. Over the last 28 years Target Dated Funds have been a failed experiment, grossly underperformed markets including 60/40 portfolio’s. It’s reported that approx 40% of company sponsored 401k plans are now Target Dated.

Italian Restaurants

We have a nice following of friends who love to see our restaurant experiences, so I’m publishing a recap of Italian restaurants where Diane and I have been in the last 12 months, many of them multiple times. All of them have full-service bars and serve a variety of Italian dishes. All are worth trying. I don’t publish our disappointments.

More Upscale

** OLIVIA – Tampa https://www.oliviatampa.com/ Parking & valet, must have reservation. Hip place. Younger crowd. If you sit at the bar say hi to Marino, one of the best know bar tenders in Tampa.

** Casa Santo Stefano – Tampa https://casasantostefano.com   Same owner as Columbia, excellent parking, need a reservation, has a roof top bar and cigar area. Hip place.

** Il Mulino Restaurant at Disney’s Swan Resort – Orlando Excellent food, only place we ever eat at Disney.

** Casa Cosenza – Oldsmar  https://casacosenza3705.com  Very quaint, plenty of parking, husband/wife owner. Very Italian bar tender, “Sparky”. Piano music Friday & Saturdays

Casa Ludovico – Palm Harbor   https://www.casaludovico.com/ valet parking only, must have reservations, very popular.

* Villaggio – Lutz https://villaggioslutz.com/ Large menu, very local following, choose Alex as your waiter and listen to Humberto sing all your Italian classics and opera. Tiny bar area. Need reservations on the weekends. Parking can get crowded.

** Alfano’s Restaurant – Clearwater http://www.alfanosrestaurant.com/      Plenty of parking, very large restaurant and bar area excellent food, attention to detail.

Timpano – Hyde Park Tampa https://www.timpanohydepark.com/ Parking garages available, need reservations. Somewhat limited menu, large parmesan bowl pasta table side experience available. Hip place

More Casual

** Taso Italiano – New Port Richey http://Tasoitaliano.com/ Our favorite casual restaurant, neighborhood sort of place, plenty of parking, reservations suggested. Everything here is made fresh, excellent service by a staff that has been with them for years. They age their own steaks in-house and are usually available on the weekends.  On Little Road not far from SR54, tell Sabrina we said hi! Here is a recent YouTube video about Taso and Sabrina husband & wife owners, and the restaurant https://youtu.be/cv-sKNXOD-8

** Esposito’s Italian Restaurant – Carrollwood area Tampa https://espositositaliantampa.com. Large menu, Sinatra music, parking. It used to be our #1 place, then they lost our favorite bar tender, we still go there monthly. Food is always great, large menu, large bar area. You’ll need reservation unless you come really early.

* Via Italia – New Tampa    https://www.eatviaitalia.com parking, homemade pasta, excellent cheese and meat boards, claimed excellent pizza (we don’t order pizza at restaurants). This place can get crowded, usually a younger crown.

Da Sesto Italiano Ristorante – Pinellas Park https://www.dasesto.com/index.php Parking is available. Older location, good food.

* Bernini Restaurant – Ybor Tampa  http://berniniofybor.com/  Parking in local lots. Famous for ½ off entre’s and $4 Martini’s from 4-7 PM, excellent deal! A few outdoor tables on 9^th street . Need reservations. Food is always good.

Forbici Modern Italian – Hyde Park Tampa https://www.eatforbici.com/

Trattoria Pasquale – Tampa https://www.trattoriapasquale.com/

Bella’s Italian Café – Tampa https://www.bellasitaliancafe.com/

* The Bistro – Tarpon Springs https://tuscansunitalianbistro.com/ Formerly called Tuscan Sun, limited parking. Love sitting out front watching the bike/walking trails through scenic Tarpon Springs. Somewhat limited entre menu, grilled octopus is excellent. This is a Mediterranean menu with some Italian items.

JoJo’s Italian Diner – Tarpon Springs Street parking

Joey’s New York Pizza & Italian Restaurant – Palm Harbor https://joeysnypizzeria.com/palm-harbor/         Plenty of parking, neighborhood place.

* Denotes multiple visits

** Denotes highly recommended

Do You Own Mutual Funds – Just Beware

This is only for people who own mutual funds in a taxable account. This year some people will get clobbered with a huge tax bill and our mutual fund is losing money. They call it adding insult to injury. If you own ETF’s instead, you don’t have this problem.

So how does this happen? It’s almost a perfect story, one you won’t like. Many mutual funds had substantial gains earlier this year, then the market started to turn south and a massive number of people sold. How do we know this, well if the mutual fund price drops 25-30% like the rest of the market, then a massive number of people sold!

The way mutual funds are designed, if people sell the fund the fund must sell the individual stocks. Let’s say it’s a US growth fund and the fund holds Facebook (META) as a major holding. You sell the fund, they in turn sell Facebook.

This year is unique, there is a huge outflow from growth mutual funds, the remaining shareholders will have to divide up the 2022 capital gains. How do you know if your fund might have this issue? Just check their turn-over ratio.

Here is an example, SHRAX, ClearBridge Aggressive Growth fund. It has an estimated $500M outflow, has lost 22% YTD. This fund has a PCGE of 87%, “potential capital gains exposure” (Barron’s).

Just to understand the math, let’s say a fund has $1M in capital gains for 2022 and there are 1,000 investors, each investor would get a 1099 – Capital Gains for $1,000. Now if so many people sell that there are only 500 shareholders, each will now get a $2,000 capital gains. You get the idea, it’s a “snowballing” effect.

What should you do:

1. Check any mutual fund in a taxable account, what will the annual distribution be? You can call the fund.
2. If there are any pending capital gains SELL THE MUTUAL FUND IMMEDIATELY!
3. A better rule, don’t hold mutual funds in any taxable account! Switch to a similar fund in an ETF format. They are much more tax friendly.
4. You might be tempted to respond, you want that “distribution”, it’s extra money right? NO, WRONG. The day of the distribution, the value of the fund goes down in price by the exact amount of any distribution!

Why are ETF’s better in a taxable account? For one, they don’t have this capital gains issue. When you sell shares in an ETF, they don’t actually “sell” the underlying shares, they have transfer arrangements with what’s called “authorized participants”. These are just large institution market makers that can offload the gains, package them with losses in other shares and eliminate any taxes to you.

Years ago I started managing my mother’s taxable investment account and it was loaded high quality mutual funds. Every year she was getting a big tax bill that was unnecessary. Over a few years we transitioned to ETF’s and the tax bills went away.

Shame on all of them, Democrats and Republicans

OUT OF TOUCH!

We send our representative to Washington to work together to get things done for the American people. We aren’t looking for total BS and self-serving interests.

The Inflation Reduction Act has a lot of shame to go around, the final bill has a lot of benefits, in my opinion.

Democrat’s Shame:

1. This isn’t really an “Inflation Reduction” law, it’s a climate and healthcare change and tax law. You only call it “Inflation Reduction” to get votes in November, any inflation reduction will take years at best.
2. Senator Manchin played hardball to get concessions that will benefit his family owner coal mining business in West Virginia. When questioned, he claimed his coal business investments are in a Blind Trust. Totally not true, he has a Blind Trust but it does not include the coal business. Way to go Manchin … personal gain.
3. Senator Sinema didn’t even beat around the bush; she wouldn’t sign on unless they kept the “carried interest” tax loophole. Private Equity are the only ones who benefit from carried interest and they contributed over $1,000,000 to her campaign. Forget about representing Arizona or the American people, this was just good old fashion greed! Carried Interest is a big rip off.
4. The Democrats completely controlled this law and could do anything they wanted once Manchin and Sinema were on board. But, they sold out to big pharma. Yes, they will allow Medicare to negotiate drug prices, but on only 10 drugs and starting in 2026! Why not all drugs and starting immediately? Because they need the campaign contributions! bill also caps these seniors’ annual out-of-pocket prescription expenses at $2,000 a year beginning in 2025, and limits insulin co-pays to $35 starting in 2023, but just for Medicare patients. How about negotiating for all Federally funded healthcare programs? Of course not!
5. The EV tax credits has a phase in requirement that requires all EV batteries to be produced in the US. Did you bother talking to the US car industry first? Of course not, the car industry says about 70% of US EV’s won’t qualify!
6. Regarding the IRS auditing people under $400k/year, every Democrat voted against an amendment to restrict the IRS from increasing audits against under $400k/year people! So much for Biden’s claims, oh the IRS won’t go after middle/lower income people.

Republican’s Shame:

1. The Republican’s were just plain against ANYTHING that would give Biden a “win”. Didn’t make any difference if was good for America or not!
2. All but 7 Republicans voted against a $35 insulin cap for private insurance carriers! Why??? Lowering the price of insulin, which is used by diabetics to manage their blood sugar levels is probably supported by almost all Americans. This was just a plain sell-out to big pharma donations.
3. Although not part of the “Inflation” law, the Republicans originally refused to vote for the Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans exposed to toxic burn pit. They claimed that Toomey discovered language in the bill that was a showstopper. Later we learned that that language didn’t exist and the after a public outcry the Republicans finally decided we needed to support our veterans.

Summary:

• Large numbers of refineries have closed
• Policy-driven Global Warming have forced refineries out of business
• No one is going to build a new refinery
• We need a better policy-plan for the future
• The US should be the world leader in energy of all types, including fossil fuels

Let’s look at a critical component of the overall US Oil/Gas infrastructure – refineries.

Most of you know, the price of oil, natural gas, gasoline and diesel is set by the global futures market …. NOT BY OIL COMPANIES

The futures markets have 2 types of traders, speculators and hedging. Hedging is when a chemical plant agrees to take delivery of 100,000 barrels of oil at the 1^st of every month so they can keep making plastics. Hedging is a pre-purchase at guaranteed price. Nothing wrong with that!

Refineries actually buy oil too, they refine it into all the petroleum products we need, then resell it. The problem here in the US is that refiners have been closing down for years. Those that are still in existence, as private companies, what to make what is most profitable for them. Why have refiners been closing plants in the last several years? Much of it is because of pressure imposed by “Global Warming” and reducing CO2 emissions.  This is not a political statement, this is just a fact!

For example, in November 2017 Shell adopted its “scope 3” emissions targets, under pressure from both world leaders and shareholders. This resulted Shell reducing it’s carbon footprint from 54 refineries in 2004 to 8 in 2021 to a planned 5 by 2025!

Of course Shell is not alone, BP also adopted its “scope 3” emissions targets, to reduce refining by 20%, Total, the giant European oil company did the same etc. Others made additional changes, Phillips plans to convert its Rodeo refinery to biofuel, but that also reduced total output by ½, the Marathon converted its Martinez refinery, cutting capacity by more than 70%, Holly Oil converted Cheyenne reducing it by 90% and CVR did the same at their Wynnewood facility.

Now let’s look at the really big guys, Exxon and Chevron. They suffered shareholder rebellions from climate activists and disgruntled institutional investors over a strategy for a low-carbon future. BlackRock, the world’s biggest asset manager, owns a 6.7% stake in Exxon and sided with the climate guys.

Oh, and back to Shell again, in the Netherlands the green campaigners won a court battle in The Hague to force Shell to cut its carbon emissions by 45% in the next 10 years. That’s easy, just shut down capacity!

The Bottom Line

…. policy-driven refinery closures have been dramatic in recent years; but the price impacts have been masked by reduced demand from the pandemic slowdown. Furthermore, banks just don’t want to lend money to the fossil fuel industry like before. Why, because their “carbon footprint” is measured not just by the energy their building consume, but also by the CUSTOMERS FOOTPRINTS! Investors, led by Wall Street are now pushing the latest investment trend ESG (anti- fossil fuel). The banks that are heavily promoting fossil fuel … are Chinese Banks!

Solution

We need a better plan, led by the US to do both manage climate change and protect the next 50 years of fossil fuel requirements. This should be a middle of the road, bi-partisan program. The US should become the world leader in all types of Energy, including fossil fuels.

Next up – how about pipelines?

Summary

• An annuity can provide a steady stream of reliable income during retirement
• You can build your own annuity with benefits not available elsewhere
• Dividends completely cover my Required Minimum Distributions and the principle continues to grow
• Commercial annuities invest if the same types stocks and bonds you can purchase
• Commercial annuities have substantial fees, end of life limitations and no return of capital
• My investments include a taxable account, ROTH IRA and a IRA. This article covers my IRA “annuity”

What is an Annuity

An annuity is an insurance contract issued by financial institutions (usually an insurance company) with the idea of you providing a large cash amount up front, the institution investing the money and then paying out invested funds in a fixed income stream in the future for life. 

Annuity Shortcomings

The general bet is that you will get more out than what you contributed up front and won’t outlive your money. Annuities can be very complex and few people buying them really understand all of the fine print. An annuity contract can be a small booklet of fine print. 

Here are some shortcomings for annuities:

1. They carry very high commissions and fees. for example, mortality and expense fee, administrative fee, contract maintenance charge, subaccount fee, state premium tax (in seven states and Puerto Rico), investment transfer fee, contingent deferred sales charge, a “surrender charge”, principal protection, inflation protection/cost-of-living adjustment, long-term care rider, lifetime income rider
2. Annuities usually have a surrender period, you cannot make withdrawals during this time without paying a surrender fee. Surrender fees can be 10% or more and can decrease over many years. 
3. Annuities can have “riders” that provide for more benefits, but all of these come with a reduction in future income. One such benefit is as survivorship benefit. 
4. Loss of control of assets, and highly illiquid. 
5. The insurance company selling your annuity has a huge costs of doing business. They have to fund employees, executives, offices, stockholder profits etc. All of this is a cost you agree to pay when buying an annuity.

Is There an Alternative – Yes

Instead of having the insurance company build you an investment portfolio, you can build it yourself. You can start building it today, take advantage of my research if you wish. 

My Self-Built Annuity

Over the last 17 years I have built a diverse, safe and reliable portfolio that has held up during the 2007-8 financial market crash and the March 2020 Covid crash. The goal is to pay substantial dividends and never touch the principle. The primary focus is on generating cash – income, secondly protection of principle. 

You will see I have 6 categories of investments:

• BDC, these are similar to banks that lend money to small to mid-size businesses and then help them succeed. Most of these have floating rate loans that do very well during rising interest rates
• Closed End Funds (similar to an ETF) these are specialized and include debt (bonds)
• Preferred Common Stock, these are highest priority in a company’s equity chain.
• REIT’s, these are investments in real estate, without getting a call at 2 AM to fix a toilet. Over most long terms, REIT’s actually outperform the stock market. I own Amazon warehouses, drug stores, multi-family housing, casino’s, mortgage servicing companies, etc.
• Energy, tell me a better place to invest. These include drillers, refineries, retailers and pipelines. 
• Other, these are higher dividend growth opportunities. 

My IRA Annuity

Download a PDF version (click here)

Benefits of My “Annuity”

1. The portfolio is 100% liquid, completely under your control, no fees or restrictions.
2. The principle is never reduced and can be left to future generations.
3. It handles 100% of my RMD, while leaving almost 1/2 of the dividends for reinvestments.
4.  You can easily tweak it annually to take advantages of future trends and opportunities.
5. High yielding stocks/bonds are not as volatile as general market indexes, like the DOW or S&P 500. 
6. The dividend yield has remained in the 6 – 61/2% range.
7. My Q1 2022 dividends were 10% higher than 2021 and 12% higher than 2020 (before the pandemic). Dividend growth is a multiplier.

How Has it Performed?

Here is a screen shot with performance numbers from Fidelity. Over the last 10 years, after RMD’s the value of the portfolio is more than double. For example, if you initially invested $100,000 you would have gained over 2 times your investment, after taking out cash income to help live on. 

Am I Against Annuities?

No, for people who completely understand what they are getting and don’t want to build their own, an annuity could be a good fit in a portfolio. 

Yes, this is the cover a 1973 Money Magazine about a year after it started publishing. Easy money policies of the Fed are designed signed to generate full employment. However by the early 1970s inflation forced the Fed to raise interest rates to almost 20%! This inflation spiral lasted almost 10 years as we went into a bad recession.

Since we are a consumer driven economy, high inflation crushes our spending power, it tends to be a spiraling process. What has traditionally stopped inflation …. a RECESSION.

Here is what you should know about our current situation.

Why would we possibly have inflation? Let’s see on the Fiscal side.

1. In April 2020 adults received $1,200 and dependents under 16 received $500 each!
2. In January 2021 adults received $600, and dependents received $600 each.
3. In March 2021 adults received $1,400, plus $1,400 per dependent, regardless of the dependent’s age.
4. On top of this we added $600/week to state unemployment payments, later reduced to $300/week.

So, we had a pandemic, what was wrong with all of these payments? Mostly, these were not “needs based” payments. These were payments made by the government (adding to the whopping budget deficit) to stimulate the economy. For the most part, this was NOT to put bread on the table for most American’s. So what did America’s actually do with the money? They set up Robinhood accounts and “gambled” on crypto and meme stocks, they had their houses renovated, they bought so many cars dealers ran out. We bought so much stuff that the economy ran RED HOT! We bought so much stuff that we now have supply chain problems.

Just to clarify, there are 2 basic factors that can feed inflation., Fiscal vs Monetary policy. Monetary policy deals with the supply of money and overnight interest rates, basically the Fed. Fiscal policy is the the rest of government both spending and giving away money.

Now let’s look at the Monetary Side. 

1. The Fed maintains for all practical purposes a 0% funds rate. Banks and large institutions can borrow short term money for free. If it’s free, why not take advantage of it, right? True but the secret is to start turning off the money spicket at the right time. Even after clear market evidence of a super strong economy the Fed has been too slow.
2. More importantly, the Fed had been buying on the open market $120 billion/month, yes per MONTH of bonds and mortgages. This itself funneled a HUGE amount of money into the market. Leaving the Fed with a $9 trillion balance sheet! The Fed split these purchases up between $60 Billion bonds and $60 Billion mortgages … EVERY MONTH. Check out the corporate bonds the Fed was buying. Why do we need to buy bonds by Toyota, Volkswagen, Daimler and so on???? Tons and tons of money is being pumped into an already super heated economy.
   
3. Add to all of this the mortgage backed securities MDS’s the Fed buys. They buy MBS’s to keep housing rates low, well that worked too well … housing prices instead soared!
4. By the time the Fed starts to “taper” all the free money, it’s too late!

So where do we go from here?

There is good and bad inflation. Good inflation might be the Fed’s arbitrary target of 2%, assuming that the economy is growing at this or a higher rate. If we have inflation at say 3% and economic growth of only 1 1/2% we are in what’s called “stagflation”. Bad inflation is when the rate exceeds our GDP growth, as we have now. We are now experiencing BAD inflation. How do you exactly know when we have real inflation? Just check out the CPI, Consumers price Index. It’s pretty clear

Where do we go from here, how can we get inflation under control? I’ll publish “The Real Inflation Story – Part 2” in a few days! There is a lot more pain coming unfortunately ……

SAVE HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS!!!!!!

Many homeowners have Ultraviolet light installed near their AC coil. These are supposed to destroy microbes like mold, bacteria, fungi, mildew, mold spores and viruses in the line-of-sight of the UV bulb. These bulbs can be purchased in 1 or 2 year models, their life expediency. When their life cycle expires they may continue to shine their blue light, but they quickly loose their effectiveness. 

I had 2 new complete zone AC systems installed 2 years ago. When they installed the air handling components I had them put in these UV lights.  It was now time to replace the bulbs. On my last service visit I had the company quote the price to replace these bulbs, they quoted $260/ea x 2 = $520!

I found that I could buy the 2 OEM brand bulbs on line, 2 year model, for $229 total.

My system used Fresh-Aire TUVL-215P.

Installing them was a breeze, easily something you can do.

MY SAVINGS – $291!!!!!!!

Here is the step by step process. 

Step #1. Identify your air handler unit and outside UV bulb connector. My unit has a top access panel with 5 screws. The UV bulb device has a low-voltage connection, see the black in-line connector. If you purchase the correct model number the replacement connection will match right up.

Step #2: Turn off AC unit and unplug the VU bulb connection wire from the old bulb, then remove the front cover to the AC unit.

Step #3: Unpack and protect the replacement bulb. My replacement bulb came in bubble wrap, so I used the bubble wrap to protect the bulb from finger prints and any oil/grease/dirt. They say if you touch these bulbs it could lessen the life expectancy. 

Step #4: Remove the old bulb by taking off the screws/nuts holding the bulb in place. My bulbs had larger rubber nuts that were easy to spin off. After removing the nuts, just pull the old bulb assembly out of the air handling unit. 

Step #5: Install the new UV bulb, reconnect the outside wire, replace the front metal cover and turn the AC unit back on.

YOU ARE DONE – SAVED MONEY TOO!!!!!

We all know that the Economic Impact Payments will be giving us $1,200 per adult and parents get $500 for each dependent under age 17. (subject to income limits)
That leaves out anyone 18 and older, who can still be claimed as dependents on another person’s tax return.

A taxpayer is allowed to claim a full-time student between the ages of 19 and 24 as a dependent, so the parent will not get $500 for a college student, nor can the college student generally claim $1,200. Also anyone supporting adults with disabilities and elderly dependents also will not qualify for the additional $500 check!

Furthermore, the you have to have filed a tax return to get your $1,200. Many low income and senior citizens currently don’t file, they are not required to do so. The IRS is saying that they now have to file basic information to get their checks.

While on the topic of college students, I hope parents know how to get the maximum American Opportunity Credit by claiming the right “Qualified Educational Expenses” on their returns and letting the student show the most “scholarship income” on their returns

Did you change bank accounts since your last tax filing? If so the Treasury will build a web site to allow you to make this adjustment.

The IRS has a new web site dedicated to the details of the Coronavirus Tax Relief, https://www.irs.gov/coronavirus

Among the good and bad provisions of the massive Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act or CARES Act, are waivers for your 2020 required minimum distributions (RMD). Many people don’t need this money for day to day expenses, but they have to take it anyhow. 

Who Does This Apply To?

If you have to take a RMD in 2020 from any plan. for example a 401(k) or your IRA the new law says you no longer have to take it in 2020. Also included are beneficiaries, and including those who turned age 70 1/2 in 2019 and had to take their first RMD by April 1, 2020.

Benefits and An Interesting Strategy:

1. As we all know our 2020 RMDs were sky high. Our 2020 RMDs were based on our retirement account values on December 31, 2019, when the Dow was over 28,000, now it is around 22,000. 
2. When you take your RMD you pay income tax on it at the ordinary income rate and it increases the amount of your Social Security that is taxable and it can roll you into a higher tax bracket for dividends and capital gains. You get NO special tax treatment for RMD.
3. STRATEGY – since you don’t have to take an RMD, you could decide to take advantage of this situation to do a ROTH conversion. First of all, any amount converted removes those funds from your IRA, lowering the balance that will be subject to your future RMD, therefore lowers your income and tax bill for future years. Secondly, once the funds are in your Roth IRA, they will become lifetime tax free. Your Roth will also pass income tax-free to your beneficiaries. Most importantly, converting now when market values have dropped will mean that any future rebound will now accumulate tax free to you in your Roth IRA. Which is better, price appreciation of a stock in an IRA or a ROTH? ROTH!!!!!!
4. Yes, a ROTH conversion is taxable as ordinary income, just like a RMD! However, today we may be paying mush lower taxes that we will be in future years as we pay for all of this new government spending.